Application-layer multicast implements the multicast functionality at theapplication layer. The main goal of application-layer multicast is to constructand maintain efficient distribution structures between end-hosts. In this paperwe focus on the implementation of an application-layer multicast distributionalgorithm. We observe that the total time required to measure network latencyover TCP is influenced dramatically by the TCP connection time. We argue thatend-host distribution is not only influenced by the quality of network linksbut also by the time required to make connections between nodes. We provideseveral solutions to decrease the total end-host distribution time.
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